Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Pulmonary Embolism , Respiratory Distress Syndrome , Humans , Proteoglycans , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
The principles and use of plasmapheresis are often little understood by intensivists. We propose to review the principles, the main indications, and the methods of using this technique.
Subject(s)
Critical Care/methods , Plasma Exchange/methods , Animals , Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis/therapy , COVID-19/therapy , Equipment Design , Guillain-Barre Syndrome/therapy , Humans , Liver Failure, Acute/therapy , Membranes, Artificial , Plasma Exchange/instrumentation , Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic/therapySubject(s)
COVID-19 , Pneumothorax , Humans , Pneumothorax/diagnostic imaging , Risk Factors , SARS-CoV-2 , Severity of Illness IndexSubject(s)
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation , Shock , Humans , Intensive Care Units , Shock, Cardiogenic/therapySubject(s)
C-Reactive Protein , Interleukin-6 , Bilirubin , Ferritins , Humans , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase , Lymphocytes , Organ Dysfunction ScoresABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: SARS-CoV-2-induced ARDS is a new entity that should be characterized as it appears to be different from standard ARDS. Hypernatremia is a biological alteration that seems to occur very often in this population without any clear cause. The present study aims to clarify the possible causes of hypernatremia and evaluate its impact on patient outcome. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective one-day prevalence study in 2 intensive care units, which only treated COVID-19 patients with moderate to severe ARDS. We measured blood and urine electrolytes in all the patients. Patients with chronic renal failure or renal replacement therapy were excluded from the study. Hypernatremia was defined as plasma sodium levels above 145 mmol/L. Results: Inclusion criteria were met in 17 out of 24 patients. Hypernatremia was present in 52% patients. All had a natriuresis higher than 20 mmol/L and a urine osmolality above 600 mOsm/L. Hypernatremia was acquired in ICU as all the patients had a normal serum sodium level at admission. Conclusion: The incidence of hypernatremia was elevated and appears to be linked to significant insensible water losses. This should trigger us to optimize the maintenance fluid therapy in critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2-induced ARDS.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 acute kidney injury is a condition that in many ways resembles classical acute kidney injury. The pathophysiology appears to be multifactorial, and accordingly, our main objective was to review possible components of this form of acute kidney injury. DATA SOURCES: Literature review. DATA SYNTHESIS: Our principal observation was that the various components of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 acute kidney injury appear to be relatively similar to the classical forms. Temporality of injury is an important factor but is not specific to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 acute kidney injury. Several insults hit the kidney at different moments in the course of disease, some occurring prior to hospital admission, whereas others take place at various stages during hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 acute kidney injury cannot be approached in a "one-size-fits-all" manner. The numerous mechanisms involved do not occur simultaneously, leading to a multiple hit model that may contribute to the prevalence and severity of acute kidney injury. A personalized approach to each patient with acute kidney injury based on the timing and severity of disease is necessary in order to provide appropriate treatment. Although data from the literature regarding the previous coronavirus infections can give some insights, more studies are needed to explore the different mechanisms of acute kidney injury occurring as a result of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2.